S15: SJeight Octocopter

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Grading Criteria

  • How well is Software & Hardware Design described?
  • How well can this report be used to reproduce this project?
  • Code Quality
  • Overall Report Quality:
    • Software Block Diagrams
    • Hardware Block Diagrams
      Schematic Quality
    • Quality of technical challenges and solutions adopted.

Project Title

SJeight Octocopter

Abstract

The purpose of the project is to create a large custom built octocopter. It will rely on AHRS (Attitude and Heading Reference System) to stabilize the copter. The advantage for using eight motors is reliability, since the copter can still operate with one motor disabled. Another advantage is the ability to carry a larger payload than quadcopters. There are many design challenges for this project. The first being structural support. To help this along, a professional grade laser cutter and 3D printers were used to create the frame. Power consumption, weight, thrust, and sensors were carefully considered for this project.

Objectives & Introduction

Show list of your objectives. This section includes the high level details of your project. You can write about the various sensors or peripherals you used to get your project completed.

Team Members & Responsibilities

Christopher Sawtelle Son Nguyen Grant Welch Noe Quintero
Component selection Motor Mount Power Hub Frame
I2C PWM Expander AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System) I2C PWM Expander I2C PWM Expander
CAD Design CAD Design CAD Design CAD Design
PID Control GPS Remote Control
GPS GPS
AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System)

Schedule

Week# Date Task Actual
1 4/12/15 Interface with PWM expander Complete
2 4/19/15 Interface and Calibrate the AHRS with the SJone Board Complete
3 4/26/15 Add PID to SJone board Complete
4 5/3/15 Tune PID and Interface with RC Transmitter PID not tuned
5 5/10/15 Test Flight and fine Tuning Broken Props / Burned ESC
5 5/15/15 Remote and GPS integration Complete

Parts List & Cost

Name Qty Total Cost
Acrylic Sheet (Frame) 1 $30
Lipo Battery 3 $220
Carbon Fiber Rod 8 $120
Motors 8 $120
ESC 8 $192
Carbon Fiber Propeller 8 $65
Nuts and Bolts 200 $100
Battery Connectors 11 $30
Zip Ties 8 $10
ABS Plastic (3D Printer) 1 $25
6 AWG Wire 1 $30

Design & Implementation

The design section can go over your hardware and software design. Organize this section using sub-sections that go over your design and implementation.

Hardware Design

Discuss your hardware design here. Show detailed schematics,and the interface here.

CAD Design

Exploded CAD Drawing
CAD Drawing
CAD of Leg
CAD of Power Hub

Propeller Preparation

10" Carbon Fiber Blade
Milling the Propeller Hole
Unbalanced Propeller
Balanced Propeller

Power Hub

Unembarrassed
Test Fit
Fully Assembled

Main Frame

Laser Cutter
3D Printed Parts and Frame
Battery Size Check

Motor and Battery

Motor Weight
Main Batteries

Assembly of Copter

Assembling the Frame
ESC Attaching
Hub Attaching
Motor Test

Power Supply Circuit to 'OR' the Batteries

Three packs were necessary to power the copter. Unfortunately, LiPo batteries cannot be connected in parallel if the voltages are not closely matched. One solution is to use diode to prevent the batteries from back-charging one another. Luckily, there are circuits available to create diodes from transistors. One option was the LTC4352.

'OR' Circuit schematic
'OR' Circuit
Circuit

Hardware Interface

The SJeight interfaces with various peripherals. This includes the PCA9685 (16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller) for PWM expansion, Razor IMU(Internal Measurement Unit) sparkfun, Adafruit Ultimate GPS Breakout Module, and 2.4GHz XBee module from Dig.

To overcome the limited number of PWM I/O on the SJone board, extra hardware needed to be added to the project. The solution was the PCA9685. It provides 16 channels for PWM for the ESC(Electronic Speed Controller). This device communicates via I2C or Inner IC communication. The following figure shows a scope shot of the I2C bus. Even though the ESC is not directly controlled by the SJone, understanding of the signals are important. The ESC accepts a very specific signal. The frequency must be 50 Hz and ave a minimum pulse width of 0.7 milliseconds. The speed of the motor is then determined by the pulse width: 0.7 ms is 0% speed, 1.5 ms is 50% speed, and 2.3 ms is 100% speed.

I2C Bus
PWM Pulse and ESC Output
PWM Minimum Pulse
PWM Maximum Pulse

Software Design

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Implementation

This section includes implementation, but again, not the details, just the high level. For example, you can list the steps it takes to communicate over a sensor, or the steps needed to write a page of memory onto SPI Flash. You can include sub-sections for each of your component implementation.

Testing & Technical Challenges

Describe the challenges of your project. What advise would you give yourself or someone else if your project can be started from scratch again? Make a smooth transition to testing section and described what it took to test your project.

Include sub-sections that list out a problem and solution, such as:

Issue #1

One Issue that came up was the addressing of I2C. The datasheet for the PCA9685 presents the address as 0x40, but it is an 7-bit address. The SJeight function accepts an preshifted 8-bit address (0x80). This was discovered from probing the bus with an scope.

Issue #2

Safety!!! One of our group member was injured with the copter.

Conclusion

Conclude your project here. You can recap your testing and problems. You should address the "so what" part here to indicate what you ultimately learnt from this project. How has this project increased your knowledge?

Project Video

Upload a video of your project and post the link here.

Project Source Code

References

Acknowledgement

Any acknowledgement that you may wish to provide can be included here.

References Used

List any references used in project.

Appendix

You can list the references you used.