F18: Wireless sensor network

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Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of collection of sensor nodes. Each individual node consists of MCU with on-board sensors and Nordic wireless mesh for communication, which are distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, ambient light, humidity etc. The SJ-One board contains an onboard light intensity sensor, and a custom PCB for the project has a combined Temperature, Pressure, and Humidity sensor and an air quality sensor. These sensor data are transmitted to a network coordinator which is the controls the wireless mesh network. The advantage of a mesh configuration is that the data flow is uninterrupted in the network even if one of the nodes fails. The coordinator board colates the data from all nodes, and displays it on a 16x32 LED matrix.

Objectives & Introduction

Show list of your objectives. This section includes the high level details of your project. You can write about the various sensors or peripherals you used to get your project completed.

Team Members & Responsibilities

  • Halak Vyas
    • Temperature, Pressure and Humidity Sensor Driver (BME280), RTC Config (primary), Wireless driver (secondary), .
  • Jay Parsana
    • Display driver (primary), Sensor drivers
  • Prashant Gandhi
    • PCB Assembly, PCB Design (review), Sensor drivers
  • Tristan French
    • Team lead, PCB Design (primary), PCB Assembly (secondary), Display driver (secondary)
  • Vatsal Makani
    • Wireless driver (Primary), PCB design (secondary), Wiki lead

Schedule

Week# Date Task Actual
1 10/9 Tristan
  • Order LED matrix

Everyone

  • Assign team roles
Tristan
  • Matrix ordered (10/1), Received (10/14)

Everyone

  • Team roles assigned (10/16)
2 10/16 Everyone
  • Create wiki schedule

Everyone

  • Initial schedule created(10/16).

Unforeseen issues

  • Issues with wiki login credentials (resolved)
  • Discovered antennas that we have do not match the connector, must order new ones (resolved)
3 10/23 Vatsal
  • Order antenna adapters

Vatsal

  • adapters ordered
4 10/30 Halak
  • RTC programming started

Tristan

  • PCB design requirements complete
Halak
  • RTC programming started

Tristan

  • PCB Design requirements delayed, still finalizing sensors.
5 11/6 Halak
  • task

Jay

  • Acquire power supply for LED matrix, review Adafruit library

Prashant

  • Review and update schedule for your subsystem.

Tristan

  • PCB design complete and ordered (including components)

Vatsal

  • Review nordic wireless API, and plan code
Halak
  • Completed?

Jay

  • Acquired (Tristan already had a power supply)

Prashant

  • Schedule updated

Tristan

  • Poor documentation on MQ-135, waiting for parts before releasing PCB. Design 95% complete

Vatsal

  • Investigated, have questions for Preet next week
6 11/13 Halak
  • RTC programming done

Jay

  • Initial LED matrix testing

Prashant

  • Review PCB design

Tristan

  • PCB and components Ordered

Vatsal

  • Basic wireless driver (send/receive a byte)
Halak
  • RTC code complete, need battery to test.

Jay

  • LED matrix initial test completed (able to light desired LED).

Prashant

  • Reviewed and approved

Tristan

  • PCB ordered (11/10) arriving 11/15.

Vatsal

  • Wireless not functioning yet, Prashant and Halak to provide support.
7 11/20 Halak
  • Write initial driver to read BME280 sensor values

Jay

  • Display symbols on matrix

Prashant

  • Write MQ-135 sensor driver and test

Tristan

  • PCB Soldered

Vatsal

  • Wireless driver send/receive sensor data
Halak
  • Able to read raw data values

Jay

  • Displaying letters and numbers

Prashant

  • Code written to read MQ-135, need to test

Tristan

  • One PCB soldered and initial test completed

Vatsal

  • Initial transmitter code complete, receiver mostly complete, troubleshooting
8 11/27 Halak
  • Finish BME280 Driver

Jay

  • Parse and display ASCII sensor data

Prashant

  • Finish MQ-135 driver
  • Solder remaining PCBs

Tristan

  • Solder remaining PCBs

Vatsal

  • Wireless driver code to Send and Receive Sensor Data
Halak
  • Driver working, beginning to interface with wireless

Jay

  • Displaying data values (numerical inputs, don't need ASCII)

Prashant

  • Driver working, beginning to interface with wireless
  • Scheduling conflict, planning to finish soldering Fri 11/30

Tristan

  • Scheduling conflict, planning to finish soldering Fri 11/30

Vatsal

  • Wireless test is functional, beginning to integrate sensor readings
9 12/4 Halak
  • Make BME280 data accessible by wireless module

Jay

  • Read and display Sensor display from wireless, and switch between display devices

Prashant

  • Make MQ-135 data accessible by wireless module

Tristan

  • Support integration

Vatsal

  • Make received sensor data available to display driver

Everyone

  • Integration of all drivers/modules, All sensor readings working
Halak
  • Data integrated with wireless communication

Jay

  • Having issues with connection to LED matrix, possible bad matrix (investigating)

Prashant

  • Data integrated with wireless communication

Tristan

  • Data being sent over wireless.

Vatsal

  • Sending and receiving all sensor data, waiting on LED matrix issue

Everyone

  • Partially complete, delayed by issues with LED matrix
10 12/11 Everyone
  • Debugging any major issues, Project complete
Everyone
  • All core code functionality is implemented, still need to clean up and finalize details of functionality.
11 12/19 Everyone
  • Final code cleanup and testing.
  • Project Demo and Review day
Everyone
  • Completed?

Parts List & Cost

Top level BoM

Item# Part Source Quantity Unit

Cost($)

Total

Cost($)

1 SJ One Board Preet 5 80.00 400.00
2 Adafruit RGB LED Matrix LED Matrix 1 24.95 24.95
3 LED matrix Connector board LED Matrix 1 1.00 1.00
4 Led Matrix Power Adapter N/A (Stock) 1 N/A 0.00
5 Air Quality Sensor Willwin 4 4.50 18.00
6 Custom Sensor PCB Assembly In House 4 14.72 58.87
7 CR1225 RTC Battries Amazon 10 0.7 6.99

Total (minus SJ One cost): $109.82

Custom PCB BoM

Item# Part Source Quantity Unit

Cost($)

Total

Cost($)

1 Custom Sensor PCB JLCPCB 4 0.20 0.80
2 SMD P, T, H sensor Digikey 1 6.628 6.628
3 USB mini-B SMD receptacle Digikey 1 0.87 0.87
4 2-position screw terminal, .1in pitch Digikey 1 0.595 0.595
5 2-pin male header, .1in pitch Digikey 2 0.099 0.198
6 4-pin female header, .1in pitch Digikey 1 0.45 0.45
7 17-pin female header w/ long pins, .1in pitch Digikey 2 1.719 3.438
8 Red SMD LED, 0603 Digikey 2 N/A 0.00
9 100 Ohm SMD resistor, 0603 Digikey 1 0.30 0.30
10 300 Ohm SMD resistor, 0603 Digikey 1 0.066 0.066
11 2.2 kOhm SMD resistor, 0603 Digikey 2 0.024 0.048
12 3.3 kOhm SMD resistor, 0603 Digikey 2 0.024 0.048
13 4.7 kOhm SMD resistor, 0603 Digikey 4 0.30 1.20
14 0.1uF ceramic capacitor, 0603 Digikey 2 0.038 0.076
15 SMD Air Quality sensor Digikey 1 (optional) 12.88 0.00
16 2-pin jumper, .1in pitch Digikey 1 (optional) 0.45 0.00

Total: $14.72

Design & Implementation

Wireless Sensor Network
Bottom of Sensor PCB
Top of Sensor PCB

The design section can go over your hardware and software design. Organize this section using sub-sections that go over your design and implementation.

Hardware Design

The project is based around the SJ one board, which uses an LPC1758 Arm Core M3 microcontroller. The system design consists of two main devices: a wireless master with a display and a wireless sensor node (of which there are several).

Wireless Master

Wireless Slave Node

Hardware Interface

In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.

LED Matrix

Nordic Wireless

Nordic SPI Hardware Interface

The Nordic nRF24L01+ wireless sensor is a highly integrated, ultra low power (ULP) 2Mbps RF transceiver IC for the 2.4GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. The nRF24L01+ is designed for operation in the frequency band of 2.400 - 2.483GHz. The high air data rate combined with two power saving modes make the nRF24L01+ very suitable for ultra-low power designs. This chip is interfaced with LPC1758 microcontroller of SJOne Board using SPI pins (MOSI, MISO, CLK, CS). It is the on-board chip in SJOne Board, so no breakout board connections are required for this project. We had to attach a RP-SMA Connector antenna to communicate between the multiple nodes and the master board.

Sensors

Light Sensor

Light Sensor is an on-board sensor in SJOne Board which interfaces with LPC1758 microcontroller at Port 0, pin 25 analog signal. This sensor shall give the raw value to the controller which will be processed by 12-bit microcontroller ADC. The output of the sensor is shown in a form of 'bulb' indication in LED Matrix

Temperature, Pressure & Humidity (BME280)
File:Report2441.jpg
Temperature, Pressure and Humidity Sensor

BME280 supports both SPI and I2C bus communication. In our wireless mesh project we have used I2C bus over SPI as I2C can read and write registers very easily in compare to SPI and Nordic Wireless is already using SPI bus.Here we are using BME280 sensor of Bosch which has a facility to measure Temperature, Pressure and Humidity. It uses 3.6 microAmps of current at 1Hz and requires 3.3V of voltage which SJOne provides it.

Operating Range : Temperature (-40C to +85C), Pressure (300 to 1100hPa), Humidity (0% to 100%) with +- 1% of tolerance.

The sensor facilitates the user with various modes of operation which can be selected as per preferred environmental conditions. There are basically 3 modes for which range of IIR filter is varied. Those modes are - Indoor Navigation, Weather Monitoring and Gaming Mode. We have facility to switch between those modes, but here for our project we are using Indoor mode as our project is designed to test laboratory environment.

Air Quality Sensor
MQ135 Air Quality Sensor
Voltage divider

MQ135 is used for air quality measurement in this project. MQ135 is a low cost semiconductor sensor which can detect Carbon-Dioxide(CO2), Benzene, Smoke, Ammonia(NH3), Mono-nitrogen oxide. Sno2 is used as sensitive material in this sensor and it's conductivity is low in clean air. As the concentration of these sensing gases increases, sensor conductivity also increases. This module can give both analog and digital outputs. For this project we are using analog output. Analog output can go upto 5V, but our SJ-One board can support maximum 3.3V as input, so we need voltage divider circuit which can convert 5V output from module to 3.3V. As we are using analog pin output from module we will configure ADC driver of SJ-One board to read that ADC value and calculate ppm for CO2. Note that in this project we will calibrate our value such that we will get CO2 ppm.

Software Design

Master

Node

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Implementation

This section includes implementation, but again, not the details, just the high level. For example, you can list the steps it takes to communicate over a sensor, or the steps needed to write a page of memory onto SPI Flash. You can include sub-sections for each of your component implementation.

Testing & Technical Challenges

Describe the challenges of your project. What advise would you give yourself or someone else if your project can be started from scratch again? Make a smooth transition to testing section and described what it took to test your project.

Include sub-sections that list out a problem and solution, such as:

<Bug/issue name>

1.Merging the sensor data into a single packet and transmitting the packet at Tx section.

2.Incorrect values received at the Rx section with significant delay.

3.Ensuring the receipt of packets from the correct node without data corruption.

4.Calibration of Air Quality Sensor and Temperature/Humidity/Pressure sensor is a challenging part.

5.Unstable/inconsistent display on LED matrix. Suspect it is due to high frequency and poor connections with jumper cables, planning to make simple header breakout for more robust connection.

  • Header breakout did not help, investigating possibility of an issue with the matrix itself.
  • Issue resolved. The breakout board did end up fixing the connection issue, but an erroneous line of code which set the latch too early was the main problem.

Conclusion

Conclude your project here. You can recap your testing and problems. You should address the "so what" part here to indicate what you ultimately learnt from this project. How has this project increased your knowledge?

Project Video

Demo

Project Source Code

References

Acknowledgement

Any acknowledgement that you may wish to provide can be included here.

References Used

List any references used in project.

Appendix

You can list the references you used.