F15: Undergrads++

Abstract

The project is an autonomous car that shall avoid obstacles. The car will consist of five SJ One controllers connected and communicating via one operational CAN bus. Each controller shall be handled by teams of two people per component and integrated to 1 working autonomous car. The Master Controller team shall be responsible for collecting data from the other controllers and guiding the car using high-level logic. The Motor I/O Controller team shall be responsible for the operation of the motors and operation of the LCD display, which will display debugging or current status messages. The Sensor Controller team shall be responsible for collecting data from the sonar sensor and sending the appropriate data. The Geographical Controller team shall be responsible for calculating the orientation of the car. The Bluetooth/Bridge Controller team shall be responsible for the interface to the end user and sending the way-points. All of these five devices shall operate simultaneously and reach the requested destination.

Objectives & Introduction

• The user shall be able to set a longitude/latitude using an Android app
• The user shall be able to send a Start command to start the navigation routine
• The car shall avoid obstacles and navigate appropriately around them
• The car shall contain sensors in the front and back to go forward and backward without intervention
• The car shall reach the destination before the battery dies
• The car shall contain a GPS and compass to calculate the heading, longitude, and latitude
• The car shall contain a Bluetooth device to receive information from the Android App
• The car shall contain appropriate sensors to internally calculate the speed of the car
• The car shall be able to adjust it's speed appropriately when commanded by the Master controller
• The car shall display appropriate information on the LCD display

System Communication Overview

Team Members & Responsibilities

Master Controller

• Marvin Flores
• Hassan Naveed

Sensor Controller & Finances

• Arlen Eskandari
• Onyema Ude

GPS Controller

• Calvin Lai
• Jonathon Hongpananon

Motor/LCD Controller

• Hector Prado-Guerrero
• Jashan Singh

Bridge/Android Controller

• Phil Tran
• Shangming Wong

Parts List & Cost

This section goes over the parts that we ordered and the cost of each item.

++

Item#	Part Desciption	Vendor	Part Number	Qty	Cost
1	RC Car	Amazon.com	Traxxas Slash 2WD VXL 58076	1	$339.94
2	+++++	++++	+++	++
3	CAN Transceiver	Texas Instrument	SN65HVD232D	5	Sample
4	Assembly Components	Amazon.com, Anchor & HSC	PCBs, Mechnical & Electical Components	NA	$++++
5	++++++++++	++++++++	++++++++++++++	1	$+++
6	Sonar sensor	Maxbotix		3	$
7	Sonar sensor	Given by Preet	LV-MaxSonar-EZ1 MB1010	3	Free
8	Adafruit Tripleaxis Accelerometer+Magnetometer(Compass) Board - LSM303	Adafruit	LSM303	1	$20.97
9	LCD Display			1	$
10				1	$

Design & Implementation

The section goes over our top-level designs of our project.

CAN Message ID Table

Sl. No	Module	ID	Type/Bits	xxxxx	Source bits SSS	Destination bits DDD	Hex value	Source	Destination
1	Android	001	CRITICAL_ERROR_BUS_OFF	0 0 0 0 0	x x x	0 0 0	0x008 Android 0x010 Master 0x018 Sensor 0x020 GPS 0x028 Motor-LCD	ANY	ALL
2	Master	010	ANDROID->MASTER	0 0 0 0 1	0 0 1	0 1 0	0x04A	Android	Master
3	Sensor	011	RC_PARAMS	0 0 0 1 0	0 0 1	0 1 0	0x08A	Android	Master
4	GPS	100	SET_DEST	0 0 0 1 1	0 0 1	0 1 0	0x0CA	Android	Master
5	MOTOR_LCD	101	COORDINATES ANDROID->MASTER	0 0 1 0 0	0 0 1	0 1 0	0x10A	Android	Master
6	X	X	SENSOR_MASTER_REG	0 0 1 0 1	0 1 1	0 1 0	0x14A	Sensor	Master
7	X	X	MASTER_ANDROID_REG	0 0 1 1 0	0 1 0	0 0 1	0x14A	Master	Android
8	X	X	COORDINATES MASTER->ANDROID	0 0 1 1 1	0 1 0	0 0 1	0x1D1	Master	Android
9	X	X	MASTER_COMMANDS-> Motor	0 1 0 0 0	0 1 0	1 0 1	0x215	Master	IO_Motor
10	X	X	MASTER_COMMANDS->SENSOR	0 1 0 0 1	0 1 0	0 1 1	0x253	Master	Sensor
11	X	X	MASTER_COMMANDS_READ-> IO	0 1 0 1 0	0 1 0	1 0 1	0x295	Master	IO_Motor
12	X	X	IO_MOTOR_MASTER_REG	0 1 0 1 1	1 0 1	0 1 0	0x2D5	IO_Motor	Master
13	X	X	MASTER_COMMANDS->GPS	0 1 1 0 0	0 1 0	1 0 0	0x314	Master	GPS
14	X	X	GPS_MASTER_REG	0 1 1 0 1	1 0 0	0 1 0	0x362	GPS	Master
15	X	X	MASTER_COMMANDS_WRITE-> IO	0 1 1 1 0	0 1 0	1 0 1	0x395	Master	IO_Motor

DBC File Implementation

Throughout the development and life-cycle of our project we used a DBC file and a python parser to generate C-code for the five controllers. The DBC file contained CAN messages organized in a particular format, which the python parser generated appropriate code for each CAN node. The C-code generated contained inline functions to convert messages to and from raw CAN messages using marshal and unmarshal operations. This provided a centralized CAN message base for all of the teams to use so that there was consistency throughout the project.

• The DBC file :

 VERSION ""
  
 
 NS_ : 
 	NS_DESC_
 	CM_
 	BA_DEF_
 	BA_
 	VAL_
 	CAT_DEF_
 	CAT_
 	FILTER
 	BA_DEF_DEF_
 	EV_DATA_
 	ENVVAR_DATA_
 	SGTYPE_
 	SGTYPE_VAL_
 	BA_DEF_SGTYPE_
 	BA_SGTYPE_
 	SIG_TYPE_REF_
 	VAL_TABLE_
 	SIG_GROUP_
 	SIG_VALTYPE_
 	SIGTYPE_VALTYPE_
 	BO_TX_BU_
 	BA_DEF_REL_
 	BA_REL_
 	BA_DEF_DEF_REL_
 	BU_SG_REL_
 	BU_EV_REL_
 	BU_BO_REL_
 	SG_MUL_VAL_
 
 BS_:
 
 BU_: NOONE SENSOR MASTER MOTOR GPS ANDROID
 
 BO_ 100 HEARTBEAT: 1 MASTER
  SG_ MASTER_HEARTBEAT_cmd : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|0] "" SENSOR,MOTOR
 
 BO_ 600 INFO_SONARS: 4 SENSOR
  SG_ SENSOR_INFO_SONARS_left : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|255] "inch" MASTER
  SG_ SENSOR_INFO_SONARS_middle : 8|8@1+ (1,0) [0|255] "inch" MASTER
  SG_ SENSOR_INFO_SONARS_right : 16|8@1+ (1,0) [0|255] "inch" MASTER
  SG_ SENSOR_INFO_SONARS_rear : 24|8@1+ (1,0) [0|255] "inch" MASTER
 
 BO_ 604 MOTOR_CMD: 2 MASTER
  SG_ MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|20] "" MOTOR
  SG_ MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive : 8|8@1+ (1,0) [0|20] "" MOTOR
 
 BO_ 700 STOP_GO_CMD: 1 ANDROID
  SG_ ANDROID_STOP_CMD_signal : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|0] "" MASTER,GPS
 
 BO_ 708 INFO_CHECKPOINTS: 1 ANDROID
  SG_ ANDROID_INFO_CHECKPOINTS_count : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|255] "" MASTER,GPS 
 
 BO_ 712 INFO_COORDINATES: 8 ANDROID
  SG_ GPS_INFO_COORDINATES_lat : 0|32@1+ (0.00001,0) [0|0] "" MASTER,GPS
  SG_ GPS_INFO_COORDINATES_long : 32|32@1+ (0.00001,0) [0|0] "" MASTER,GPS
 
 BO_ 716 INFO_HEADING: 4 GPS
  SG_ GPS_INFO_HEADING_current : 0|16@1- (1,0) [0|0] "" MASTER
  SG_ GPS_INFO_HEADING_dst : 16|16@1- (1,0) [0|0] "" MASTER
 
 BO_ 720 DESTINATION_REACHED: 1 GPS
  SG_ GPS_DESTINATION_REACHED_signal : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|0] "" MASTER,ANDROID
 
 CM_ BU_ NOONE "No node, used to indicate if it's a debug message going to no one";
 CM_ BU_ MASTER "The driver controller driving the car";
CM_ BU_ SENSOR "The sensor controller of the car";
 CM_ BU_ MOTOR "The motor controller of the car";
 CM_ BU_ ANDROID "The android controller of the car";
 CM_ BO_ 100 "Sync message used to synchronize the controllers";
 
 BA_DEF_  "BusType" STRING ;
 BA_DEF_ SG_ "FieldType" STRING ;
 BA_DEF_ BO_ "GenMsgCycleTime" INT 0 0;
 
 BA_DEF_DEF_ "BusType" "CAN";
 BA_DEF_DEF_ "FieldType" ""; 
 
 BA_ "GenMsgCycleTime" BO_ 100 1000;
 BA_ "GenMsgCycleTime" BO_ 200 100;
 BA_ "GenMsgCycleTime" BO_ 300 100;
 BA_ "FieldType" SG_ 100 MASTER_HEARTBEAT_cmd "MASTER_HEARTBEAT_cmd" 
 BA_ "FieldType" SG_ 604 MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive"
 BA_ "FieldType" SG_ 604 MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer"
 
 VAL_ 100 MASTER_HEARTBEAT_cmd 0 "MASTER_HEARTBEAT_cmd_NOOP" 1 "MASTER_HEARTBEAT_cmd_SYNC" 2 "MASTER_HEARTBEAT_cmd_REBOOT" ;
 VAL_ 604 MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive 4 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive_FAST" 3 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive_MEDIUM" 2 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive_SLOW" 1 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive_REVERSE" 0 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_drive_STOP" ;
 VAL_ 604 MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer 4 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer_HARD_RIGHT" 3 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer_SOFT_RIGHT" 2 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer_STRAIGHT" 1 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer_SOFT_LEFT" 0 "MASTER_MOTOR_CMD_steer_HARD_LEFT"   ;
 

Git Submodule Add-on

To increase productivity and be more organized through the life-cycle of this project our team implemented and used a git submodule. A git submodule is a separate Git repository, which is a subdirectory of our entire main Git repository. What this does is lets us clone another repository within our project and keep commit history of this submodule separate from the separated projects. The Git submodule allowed a central repository to be used for common code such as the DBC file, python parser, and other source/header files we shared. Every team had a separate branch they were working off of the master branch so there was no way for us to share common code. The submodule made code portable to all teams instead of manually making chances when necessary. For example, if 1 team made a change to a file, then the other 4 teams already have the recent change without having to manually update. The update is automatic to everyone who has the Git submodule set up.

• To set up a git submodule you can perform the following instructions:
  • Create your separate repository on GitLab.com or GitHub.com, whichever Git repository you prefer to use.
  • Execute : git submodule add ssh_url relative_path_to_new_dir
  • Execute : git status
  • Notice a new change to be commited. There should be a .gitmodule created. This contains details supplied about the new submodule.
  • Execute : git submodule init
  • Execute : git submodule update
• To use the git submodule you just 'cd' into the directory where the git submodule repo is located, and treat it as an independent Git project. There is a master branch you can checkout and pull from to pull-in the most recent changes. Make commits and push like you would to any other Git project. When there are changes made to this Git submodule then there will be new changes shown in the top project directory. You will want to add this change to your next commit so that your top project points to the correct Git submodule commit number.

Master Controller

Master Controller

• Marvin Flores
• Hassan Naveed

Master Controller Team Schedule

Sl. No	Start Date	End Date	Task	Status	Actual Completion Date
1	10/6/2015	10/13/2015	propose CAN message IDs, data length, and priorities. testing communication between the other boards via CAN bus	Complete	10/19/2015
2	10/13/2015	10/20/2015	Process motor and Sensor data. Vehicle should be able to run and stop based on the sensor readings.	Incomplete	10/**/2015
3	10/20/2015	10/27/2015	Process GPS data and sends appropriate message to the LCD for display.	Incomplete	10/**/2015
4	10/27/2015	11/10/2015	Overall CAN bus system implementation. all boards should be able to communicate properly. Master should be able to send/receive message to/from any module(board.) The master should be able to process the messages accordingly.	Incomplete	11/**/2015
5	11/10/2015	11/17/2015	Testing/debugging part 1. Master should be able to receive commands from the Android team and be able execute these commands properly. The master should be able to send commands to the other boards. The vehicle should be running and avoiding obstacles.	Incomplete	11/**/2015
6	11/17/2015	11/24/2015	Testing/debugging part 2. Master should be able to request GPS coordinates information from the GPS team and be able to make the car move from origin point to the target point.	Incomplete	11/**/2015
7	11/24/2015	12/01/2015	Testing/debugging part 3, Finalizing the project. All messages, commands, and requests are handled accordingly. The vehicle should be avoiding obstacles, and is able to go to the target location.	Incomplete	12/**/2015

Hardware Design

Discuss your hardware design here. Show detailed schematics, and the interface here.

Hardware Interface

In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.

Software Design

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Motor I/O Controller

Motor/LCD Controller

• Hector Prado-Guerrero
• Jashan Singh

Motor control/LCD Team Schedule

Sl. No	Start Date	End Date	Task	Status	Actual Completion Date
1	10/06/15	10/13/15	Write and test drivers for the brushless motor	In progress	10/**/15
2	10/13/15	10/20/15	Write and test drivers for the LCD	Incomplete	10/**/15
3	10/20/15	10/27/15	Interface motor to the rest of the software and get moving under power	Incomplete	10/**/15
4	10/27/15	11/03/15	Interface LCD to accept and display CAN messages	Incomplete	11/**/15
5	11/03/15	11/10/15	Debugging week 1	Incomplete	11/**/15

Hardware Design

For the master controller, hardware part essentially covers setting up the CAN bus. The master controller communicates with all other controllers on board i.e the motor, android, GPS, compass and sensors. The bus was set up using five SN65HVD233-HT 3.3-V CAN transceiver chips to send and receive CAN messages from the master controller.

Hardware Interface

In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.

Software Design

The Android program was written with the Android SDK. The program uses one Activity and three fragments under that Activity (as seen in the Visio diagram). The Activity is the base of the program, and it manages the three fragments in it using a FragmentTransaction and FragmentManager class. There is another layout in the Activity's layout that is specifically made as a fragment container. The Activity features three buttons at the bottom of the screen. Each button with show a fragment. All fragments are constantly running, and the Activity simply hides fragments from the user when the user clicks on a button in the bottom menu. Fragments communicate with each other by using the Activity as a middle man. Information from Fragment A can pass its information to Fragment B by first going through Activity.

Google Maps was inserted into the Maps Fragment. An API key was needed in order for Google Maps to work on the phone. An open source API was used to get the directions and and coordinates of the start and end position. A LatLng list array was inserted to the API to get the list of coordinates. After choosing a point, the "SET" button should be pressed, and the array will be transmitted through bluetooth. The Maps Fragment features buttons that allow operation of the vehicle. These buttons will transmit data to the SJOne board through Bluetooth.

The Bluetooth API was used to send data to and from the Android and SJOne board. When transmitting data from Android to SJOne, a terminal command is used on the SJOne board side to receive data. This is done by using the UART2 ports of the board, and connecting it with a Bluetooth transceiver.

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Sensor Controller

Sensor Controller & Finances

• Arlen Eskandari
• Onyema Ude

Sensor Controller Team Schedule

Sl. No	Start Date	End Date	Task	Status	Actual Completion Date
1	10/7/2015	10/14/2015	Ordering the sensors and studying the sensor's datasheet	Complete	10/17/2015
2	10/14/2015	10/30/2015	Reading Sensor's data and preparing it to be sent over the CAN bus	Complete	10/17/2015
3	10/30/2015	11/7/2015	Normalizing sensor data values and sending it to the Master through CAN bus	Complete	11/09/2015
4	10/24/2015	10/30/2015	Implementation with multiple sensors	Complete	11/09/2015
5	10/30/2015	11/24/2015	Sending multiple sensor data to the master through CAN bus	Complete	11/09/2015
6	10/24/2015	11/25/2015	Optimizing the code	Incomplete
7	12/01/2015	12/17/2015	Collaborating with other teams and updating the code as needed	Incomplete

Hardware Design

4 LV-MaxSonar sensors are used for the object, they are used for obstacle detection and avoidance. These sensors are able to detect obstacles 0 – 254 inches, though objects 6 inches or closer are simply registered as 6 inches. Sensors are powered with 5Volts (3.3Volts option is also available) and each reading takes 50ms, and each sensor is enabled at a time using the RX pin on the sensor. Three sensors are placed in front of the car (Left , Middle, Right) and one at the back. The image below shows the wired connections between sensors and SJOne board.

Sensor Hardware Design(to be updated)

Hardware Interface

In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.

Software Design

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Bluetooth/Bridge Controller

Bridge/Android Controller

• Phil Tran
• Shangming Wong

Android/Bluetooth Team Schedule

Sl. No	Start Date	End Date	Task	Status	Actual Completion Date
1	10/6/2015	10/15/2015	Familiarize ourselves with the Android SDK and Java and Google Maps API	Complete	10/15/2015
2	10/6/2015	10/30/2015	Have a working menu.	Complete	10/30/2015
3	10/10/2015	10/30/2015	Have the phone communicating with the SJOne board using Bluetooth Bee (UART).	Complete	11/10/2015
4	10/16/2015	11/10/2015	Relay CAN Bus messages/tasks.	Incomplete
5	10/18/2015	11/15/2015	Be able to input GPS coordinates and have a working map available.	Complete	10/30/2015
6	10/25/2015	11/20/2015	Start and stop commands should be up and running. Test with GPS.	Complete	11/05/2015
7	10/20/2015	11/27/2015	Working sensor readings including speed and collisions.	Incomplete
8	11/15/2015	12/01/2015	Extensive testing of the application and its bridge	Incomplete

Hardware Design

The Bridge communication hardware design is very simple. A BTBEE Pro Bluetooth XBee socket chip is connected to the SJOne board. UART2 port on the SJOne board is used. UART2 Rx and Tx from the pins on the board are connected to the CAN Bus, which is then connected onto the CAN wires.

Hardware Interface

In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.

Software Design

The Android program was written with the Android SDK. The program uses one Activity and three fragments under that Activity (as seen in the Visio diagram). The Activity is the base of the program, and it manages the three fragments in it using a FragmentTransaction and FragmentManager class. There is another layout in the Activity's layout that is specifically made as a fragment container. The Activity features three buttons at the bottom of the screen. Each button with show a fragment. All fragments are constantly running, and the Activity simply hides fragments from the user when the user clicks on a button in the bottom menu. Fragments communicate with each other by using the Activity as a middle man. Information from Fragment A can pass its information to Fragment B by first going through Activity.

Fragment Layout under Activity

Fragment Layout under Activity

Google Maps was inserted into the Maps Fragment. An API key was needed in order for Google Maps to work on the phone. An open source API was used to get the directions and and coordinates of the start and end position. A LatLng list array was inserted to the API to get the list of coordinates. After choosing a point, the "SET" button should be pressed, and the array will be transmitted through bluetooth. The Maps Fragment features buttons that allow operation of the vehicle. These buttons will transmit data to the SJOne board through Bluetooth.

The Bluetooth API was used to send data to and from the Android and SJOne board. When transmitting data from Android to SJOne, a terminal command is used on the SJOne board side to receive data. This is done by using the UART2 ports of the board, and connecting it with a Bluetooth transceiver.

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Geographical Controller

The Geographical Controller is responsible for providing the location of the car and heading direction to the master controller. It receives the way-points from the Bridge Controller and calculates the distance to the final destination. The Master Controller is still responsible for controlling the logic of forward, backward, left, and right to reach the final destination.

GPS Controller

• Calvin Lai
• Jonathon Hongpananon

GPS Controller Team Schedule

Sl. No	Start Date	End Date	Task	Status	Actual Completion Date
1	09/29/2015	10/06/2015	Order Adafruit Compass and GPS and solder header pins	Complete	10/05/2015
2	10/06/2015	10/13/2015	Connect and get minimum UART connection working and interface compass via I2C	Complete	10/20/2015
3	10/13/2015	10/20/2015	Design GPS task to parse data and get compass heading info	Complete	10/27/2015
4	10/20/2015	10/27/2015	Integrate GPS, SJSU board, and CAN rx/tx task	Complete	11/03/2015
5	10/27/2015	11/3/2015	Test Communication with Master Controller and determine final heading using GPS and compass	Complete	11/10/2015
6	11/03/2015	11/10/2015	Test and debug (if there are any errors/corner cases)	Complete	11/17/2015
7	11/10/2015	11/17/2015	Optimize the code and testing for stability and report.	Incomplete	11/xx/2015

Hardware Design

The figure below illustrates the high-level design for the Geographical Controller. The Geographical controller uses an Adafruit GPS Breakout and an Adafruit 10 Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) IMU Breakout. The Adafruit GPS breakout is a GPS module with a 10Hz update rate with a low current draw, which makes this an excellent device for low power consumption. The Adafruit 10-DOF IMU Breakout contains an accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, barometer, and temperature sensor; however, only the magnetometer was used to calculate the heading direction.

Geographical Hardware Design

Hardware Interface

Geographical Controller Pin Interface Table

Device	Port Source	Port Destination	Device
SJ One	3v3	Vin	Adafruit GPS
SJ One	GND	GND	Adafruit GPS
SJ One	TXD2	RX	Adafruit GPS
SJ One	RXD2	TX	Adafruit GPS
SJ One	3v3	Vin	LSM303DLHC (Adafruit Compass)
SJ One	GND	GND	LSM303DLHC (Adafruit Compass)
SJ One	P0[0] (SDA)	SDA	LSM303DLHC (Adafruit Compass)
SJ One	P0[1] (SCL)	SCL	LSM303DLHC (Adafruit Compass)

Software Design

GPS Data Format

The following table below shows the type of information that is retrieved from the Adafruit GPS chip. When interfaced with the GPS via UART, the string that is received is in the format

$GPGGA,hhmmss.ss,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,x.x,M,x.x,xxxx*hh.

The Geographical Controller is responsible for parsing this information and handling the data appropriately.

GPGGA Format

Name	Example Data	Description
Sentence Identifier	$GPGGA	Global Positioning System Fix Data
Time	170834	17:08:34 Z
Latitude	4124.8963, N	41d 24.8963' N or 41d 24' 54" N
Longitude	08151.6838, W	81d 51.6838' W or 81d 51' 41" W
Fix Quality	1	Data is from a GPS fix
# of Satellites	05	5 Satellites are in view
Horizontal Dilution of Precision	1.5	Relative accuracy of horizontal position
Altitude	170834	280.2 meters above mean sea level
Height of geoid above WGS84 ellipsoid	-34.0, M	-34.0 meters
Time since last DGPS update	blank	No last update
GGPS reference station id	blank	No station id
Checksum	*75	Used by program to check for transmission errors

Tasks

Geographical Controller Tasks

Task Name	Purpose
Periodic 1Hz Callback	Periodic heartbeat
Periodic 10Hz Callback	Calculate and save current heading (10Hz because the GPS is limited to 10Hz refresh rate)
Periodic 100Hz Callback	Receive checkpoints from Android Controller and send current heading to Master Controller

Algorithms Used

 correctHeading = atan2(dy, dx) * 180 / pi; (where dy and dx are the delta of latitude and longitude)

Testing & Technical Challenges

Describe the challenges of your project. What advise would you give yourself or someone else if your project can be started from scratch again? Make a smooth transition to testing section and described what it took to test your project.

Include sub-sections that list out a problem and solution, such as:

Problems Encountered

#	Module	Issue	Resolution	Impact
1	(Module(s) involved)	(Description)	(Our fix)	(High/Medium/Low)

Conclusion

Conclude your project here. You can recap your testing and problems. You should address the "so what" part here to indicate what you ultimately learnt from this project. How has this project increased your knowledge?

Project Video

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Project Source Code

• Sourceforge Source Code Link
• GitLab Source Code Link
• Git Submodule Source Code Link

References

Acknowledgement

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References Used

List any references used in project.

Appendix

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