S18: Death Race

Grading Criteria

• How well is Software & Hardware Design described?
• How well can this report be used to reproduce this project?
• Code Quality
• Overall Report Quality:
  • Software Block Diagrams
  • Hardware Block Diagrams

    Schematic Quality

  • Quality of technical challenges and solutions adopted.

Project Title

Death Race - A car racing game using FreeRTOS

Git Link - [1]

Abstract

Real-time adaptation of computer games can content the users’ abilities, skills and also enhance the players' engagement and immersion. We are planning to design a car racing video game between two players. There will be car-race tracks for each player and the player can shift horizontally on the track. Each player can move on the track (RGB LED Matrix Display) by tilting the SJone Player boards. The players will encounter two kinds of obstacles during the game- square obstacles and triangular obstacles. The score for a particular player is incremented for collecting the square boxes and it will be decremented every time when it hits the triangular obstacles. The obstacles are generated randomly and the criticality of the game (randomness of obstacles) increases with time. The game UI will have user options like - indication for players connectivity, start and quit the game. The individual player score will be displayed and updated from time to time on the LCD Display Matrix.

Objectives & Introduction

Show list of your objectives. This section includes the high level details of your project. You can write about the various sensors or peripherals you used to get your project completed.

Top Architecture

Introduction

The project was divided into 4 main modules:

1) Player Module: Two SJOne boards simultaneously sending accelerometer data to the Master Board via Nordic wireless.

2) Wireless: Communication bridge between the player module and the Master module.

3) Master Module:

4) Display Module:

Team Members & Responsibilities

• Player Module
  • Raj Visharia
  • Supradeep Koganti
• Wireless (Nordic)
  • Hemant Banjara
• Master Module
  • Rahul Devaragudde Gopala
  • Sneha Shahi
• Display (RGB LED Matrix)
  • Raj Visharia
  • Supradeep Koganti
• PCB
  • Rahul Devaragudde Gopala
• Testing
  • Hemant Banjara
  • Sneha Shahi

Schedule

Show a simple table or figures that show your scheduled as planned before you started working on the project. Then in another table column, write down the actual schedule so that readers can see the planned vs. actual goals. The point of the schedule is for readers to assess how to pace themselves if they are doing a similar project.

Week#	Date	Task	Status
1	03/04	To go through previous 244 projects and discuss with the team members. To come up with new ideas for applications specific to FreeRTOS.	Had a brainstorming session with the team and decided to do gaming projects using FreeRTOS. Decided to do either car racing game or a ping-pong game. Prepared the abstract for the project proposal.
2	03/11	To setup GitLab repository for the project. To set up the individual accounts for first-time Git users in the team.	Created a GitLab repository, "Magnumopus" for the project. Got the Git environment ready for all the team member's machines. Modified the project abstract by including diagrams and challenges for the project as per Preet's comments.
3	03/18	To decide the structure of the team and divide the project into different modules. To assign roles and responsibilities to each team member. To finalize the deadlines and deliverables for the project.	Divided the project into different modules like Master, Player, Wireless, LED Display, PCB, and Testing. Assigned roles and responsibilities to each member. Created a test plan with tasks, deadlines and deliverables assigned to it.
4	03/25	To finalize project layout, connections and components needed. To order the project components.	Finalized and ordered the project components.
5	04/01	To implement player module logic to send orientation data to the Master module. To start designing the Master module which will take inputs from different players, take a decision and sends it to LED Matrix display. To understand the high-level APIs for the Wireless nordic node. To understand the connections, read the datasheet for RGB LED Matrix. To install Eagle software for PCB design and get accustomed to the basic functions.	Implemented player module logic to get accelerometer values for different orientation and send it to the Master module initially via UART for testing purpose. Implemented the high-level task of getting accelerometer values from two players simultaneously via UART and glow on-board LEDs specific to the player data received. Understood the Wireless APIs available and wrote a basic code to send-receive data using Nordic. Made a basic layout, pin connections, power requirements for 64x64 RGB LED Matrix. Installed Eagle software and made a simple circuit to get aquainted with the software.
6	04/08	To test the Player and Master modules. To understand addressing mode, latching, and clock functionality for RGB LED Matrix.	Tested the Player and Master modules individually. Player was giving the correct orientation of left and right movement. Got a basic idea of addressing specific LEDs on LED Matrix using 5-address lines. Understood the functionality of latch, output enable and clock pins of LED Matrix.
7	04/15	Integrate Player and Master modules and make necessary changes as per other module requirements. To write the code for glowing one LED.	Integrated Player and Master modules. The master module was able to receive the data from Player module and glow the onboard LEDs based on the player's movement. Wrote the code logic to glow the LED but, able to glow a particular row but, not able to glow single LED. Debugging in process.
8	04/22	To send and receive data between Player and Master using Wireless protocol. To write the logic to glow a particular LED on the display matrix. To design and finalize the PCB circuit.	After proper debugging, we realized that latching was not done properly. Resolved the issue and we are able to glow single pixel. Also, able to get different designs like a particular row, column, square, rectangle (solid and hollow). PCB design is in progress. Understanding the power circuit requirements. Wireless module delayed since all the boards as well as antennas have female connectors.
9	04/29	To implement RGB LED Matrix tasks and APIs for the Master module. To integrate the layout of the application (UI, border, car design, obstacle design) to Master Module. To generate random obstacles, score logic and implement other game functionalities (eg: game over scenario). To display the cars, border area, screen division for 2 cars and enable obstacle and car movement as per the input from the master module. Finalize the PCB design, get it reviewed by the team and send it for fabrication.	Implemented Display Matrix APIs to display/glow pixels, solid/dotted lines, borders, cars, numbers, square and triangular obstacles. Also, APIs to clear pixels, car and numbers were implemented. Integrated Wireless module with the Player Module to send data wirelessly to the Master Module. Integrated Display Matrix APIs with the Master Module to display the borders, show scores, generate random obstacles, and to move cars left or right depending upon the accelerometer values from each player boards. Designed the PCB and sent it for fabrication.
10	05/06	To keep moving the display down continuously for the car race track. To move the car horizontally pixel by pixel for every change in data from the player module. To test the overall functionality of the project using PCB.	Made minor changes in drawPixel() and clearPixel() functions to resolve updating of section 2 of display matrix when any changes made for section 1 and vice versa. Implemented display matrix APIs to move the display down, and check if the car hit the obstacle. Made changes in Player module to send different character for straight condition of the car and switch on respective onboard LEDs depending upon the player movements. Added the logic to update the score depending upon if the car hits square (increment) or triangular (decrement) obstacles.
11	05/13	To Integration of all modules and end to end testing. To fix bugs and optimize the code.	Integrated all the modules and optimized the code and fixed the bugs like Player 2 updating late on the display. Soldered the available components on the PCB.
12	05/20	Adding extra functionalities and extra features for the project. Test the extra features with overall project requirement.	Wrote Display Matrix APIs for letters and texts. Added functions to display the start condition and countdown for the game. Added timer functionality in the game. Player will be notified when last 10 seconds are left for the game. Made Player Module steerings for real game feel.

Parts List & Cost

Give a simple list of the cost of your project broken down by components. Do not write long stories here.

Item#	Part Desciption	Vendor	Qty	Cost
1	SJOne Boards	From Preet	3	$240.00
2	64x64 RGB LED Matrix	Adafruit	1	$92.00
3	Power Cable	Amazon	1	$20
4	Level Shifter SN74AHCT245N	Mouser Electronics [2]	2	$21.95
5	PCB	PCBWay [3]	4	$27
6	IC Base	Fry's Electronics	2	$2
7	Antennas	From Preet	3	$0

Design & Implementation

The design section can go over your hardware and software design. Organize this section using sub-sections that go over your design and implementation.

Player Module

Player Module is responsible for sending the accelerometer sensor values from the two player consoles (SJOne boards) to the Master Module (SJOne board) in order to horizontally move the cars left or right of respective players on the display (RGB LED Display Matrix).

Hardware Design

Discuss your hardware design here. Show detailed schematics and the interface here.

Make diagram made in the book and attach image.......

Accelerometer

SJOne board has MMA8452Q sensor which is a low-power, digital output 3-axis linear accelerometer with an I2C interface. Accelerometers are used to find the tilt angle of the device with respect to the earth, by measuring the amount of static acceleration due to gravity.

By incorporating more intelligence from movements and tilt positions, the accelerometers have had a significant impact on user interaction. Most motion-based games are derived from analyses of static acceleration, which are based on gravity to determine the change in tilt angles. Accelerometers provide a new way for navigating, scrolling, and displaying information and thus, provide entertainment in motion-based games. In this project, accelerometer changed the design of the Player Module by minimizing the need for buttons on the board and including motion inputs.

Hardware Interface

In this project, the on-board accelerometer sensor (interfaced on the I2C2 Bus) is used to detect the left or right movements of the board by calculating the tilt angle. The change in the acceleration sensor values due to the orientation of the Player Module boards, in the left or right direction, is used to horizontally move the cars of each player on the RGB LED Display Matrix. The accelerometer sensor values are wirelessly sent to the Master module. Depending upon the sensor values received by the master module from the Player Module, the master module displays and moves the cars on the display in real-time.

The board needs to be held in such a way that, the X-axis is pointing to the right, Y-axis in the front away from you, and Z-axis facing upwards against the ground. On tilting the board left or right, we get left, straight or right orientation values. Y-axis remains constant since we rotate the board across the Y-axis. Only, X and Z axes change and so the angle is dependent on x and y values. The angle is given by:

                                     angle = sin(z/x)       where, x = X-axis values of the accelerometer
                                                                   z = Z-axis values of the accelerometer

Software Design

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Attach flowchart made.......

Implementation

This section includes implementation, but again, not the details, just the high level. For example, you can list the steps it takes to communicate over a sensor, or the steps needed to write a page of memory onto SPI Flash. You can include sub-sections for each of your component implementation.

Wireless Module

Hardware Design

Discuss your hardware design here. Show detailed schematics, and the interface here.

Hardware Interface

In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.

Software Design

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Implementation

This section includes implementation, but again, not the details, just the high level. For example, you can list the steps it takes to communicate over a sensor, or the steps needed to write a page of memory onto SPI Flash. You can include sub-sections for each of your component implementation.

LED Display Matrix Module

Hardware Design

Discuss your hardware design here. Show detailed schematics, and the interface here.

Hardware Interface

In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.

Software Design

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

Implementation

This section includes implementation, but again, not the details, just the high level. For example, you can list the steps it takes to communicate over a sensor, or the steps needed to write a page of memory onto SPI Flash. You can include sub-sections for each of your component implementation.

Master Module

Hardware Design

Discuss your hardware design here. Show detailed schematics and the interface here.

The master module takes orientation input from two players through Nordic wireless. After taking the inputs from the wireless sensor the master module implements the algorithm to drive the simulated car on RGB LED matrix. The algorithm checks for the collision of car with the obstacles. If the car collides with square obstacles then the score gets incremented and if it collides with triangular obstacle then the score is decremented.

Hardware Design

Hardware Interface

In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.

Software Design

Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.

The Master application file consists of 5 tasks Init, Display update, layout design obstacle generation, Player1 task and Player2 task. As soon as the application starts, the Init task does the Gpio configuration of the RGB led matrix, put the initial graphics on the matrix and would wait for Player to send the start signal. Once the players send the start signal then the other task layout, obstacle, and players task start to run.Player1 and player2 task takes care of car movement for triangular obstacle avoidance and hitting the square obstacle.The obstacle generates obstacle for all the three paths for player.The obstacle voidance and display update task has higher priority than the player task.

Implementation

This section includes implementation, but again, not the details, just the high level. For example, you can list the steps it takes to communicate over a sensor, or the steps needed to write a page of memory onto SPI Flash. You can include sub-sections for each of your component implementation.

Testing & Technical Challenges

Describe the challenges of your project. What advise would you give yourself or someone else if your project can be started from scratch again? Make a smooth transition to testing section and described what it took to test your project.

Include sub-sections that list out a problem and solution, such as:

<Bug/issue name>

Discuss the issue and resolution.

Conclusion

Conclude your project here. You can recap your testing and problems. You should address the "so what" part here to indicate what you ultimately learnt from this project. How has this project increased your knowledge?

Project Video

Game Video - Death Race

Project Source Code

Git - Death Race by Magnum Opus

References

Acknowledgement

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References Used

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Appendix

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