Difference between revisions of "F19: Tetris"
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Revision as of 21:00, 17 December 2019
Contents
- 1 Grading Criteria
- 2 Project Title
- 3 Abstract
- 4 Objectives & Introduction
- 5 Team Members & Main Responsibilities
- 6 Technical Responsibilities
- 7 Schedule
- 8 Team Deliverables Schedule
- 9 Parts List & Cost
- 10 Design & Implementation
- 10.1 Hardware Design
- 10.2 PCB Design
- 10.3 Hardware Interface
- 10.4 Configuration of the 32x32 LED Matrix
- 10.5 Color Inputs (R1,R2,G1,G2,B1,B2)
- 10.6 Address Inputs (A B C D)
- 10.7 CLK, OE, LAT
- 10.8 Matrix Driver
- 10.9 Interfacing with the VS1053 MP3 Decoder
- 10.10 Interfacing Two SJTwo Boards
- 10.11 Software Design
- 10.12 Tetris Game Design
- 10.13 MP3 Design
- 10.14 Playing Tetris and Music
- 10.15 Implementation
- 11 Testing & Technical Challenges
- 12 Conclusion
- 13 References
Grading Criteria
(Take out Later)
- How well is Software & Hardware Design described?
- How well can this report be used to reproduce this project?
- Code Quality
- Overall Report Quality:
- Software Block Diagrams
- Hardware Block Diagrams
- Schematic Quality
- Quality of technical challenges and solutions adopted.
Project Title
LED Matrix Tetris
Abstract
Our project is creating the game of Tetris using the LED matrix as our display and creating the driver for the game using the SJSU2 board from the class.
Objectives & Introduction
Show list of your objectives. This section includes the high level details of your project. You can write about the various sensors or peripherals you used to get your project completed.
Team Members & Main Responsibilities
| Administrative Roles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Kevin Chan & Lawrence Wan | |||
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Kevin Chan | |||
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Yuming Cheng | |||
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Yuming Cheng | |||
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Lawrence Wan & Kevin Chan | |||
Technical Responsibilities
| Technical Responsibilities | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Kevin Chan & Lawrence Wan & Yuming Cheng | |||
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Kevin Chan | |||
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Yuming Cheng & Lawrence Wan | |||
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Lawrence Wan | |||
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James Ding & Lawrence Wan | |||
Schedule
Show a simple table or figures that show your scheduled as planned before you started working on the project. Then in another table column, write down the actual schedule so that readers can see the planned vs. actual goals. The point of the schedule is for readers to assess how to pace themselves if they are doing a similar project.
Team Deliverables Schedule
| WEEK |
START DATE |
END DATE |
TASK DETAILS |
STATUS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 Oct 2019 | 21 Oct 2019 |
Create and establish GitLab repository |
Complete Complete Complete Complete Complete Complete |
| 2 | 22 Oct 2019 | 4 Nov 2019 |
Create a Bill of Materials. |
In Progress Complete In progress |
| 3 | 5 Nov 2019 | 11 Nov 2019 |
Finalize the Wiki schedule for submission |
In progress Complete (Basic function complete) In Progress (working on rotation) |
| 4 | 12 Nov 2019 | 18 Nov 2019 |
Received the PCB and start working on connections |
In progress ( Waiting for PCB ) In progress In progress In progress In progress |
| 5 | 19 Nov 2019 | 25 Nov 2019 |
Starting to assemble the enclosing |
Waiting for Materials In progress In progress Not Started Not Started (Debating accordingly to our progress) |
| 6 | 26 Nov 2019 | 2 Dec 2019 |
Polishing the Hardware and Software for project. |
Not Started Not Started Not Started In progress |
| 7 | 3 Dec 2019 | 9 Dec 2019 |
FIELD TESTING - CRITICAL WEEK |
Not Started Not Started Not Started Not Started |
| 8 | 10 Dec 2019 | 17 Dec 2019 |
All hands on testing and final bug fixes. |
Not Started Not Started Not Started Not Started |
| Final | 18 Dec 2019 |
DEMO: Final Project |
In progress In progress |
Parts List & Cost
Give a simple list of the cost of your project broken down by components. Do not write long stories here.
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PART MODEL & SOURCE |
QUANTITY |
COST (USD) |
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Design & Implementation
The design section can go over your hardware and software design. Organize this section using sub-sections that go over your design and implementation.
Hardware Design
The initial design approach of the project consisted of one SJTwo micro-controller, a 32x32 LED matrix display, and a PCB to help simplify interfacing the two in terms of power and wiring. Having made good development progress, it was decided to include music along with the game, which involved interfacing with a (VS1053) MP3 decoder. Approximately a week later, development for the MP3 decoder was delayed due to unexpected behavior in interfacing with the MP3 decoder while using SPI bus 2. Unfortunately, by the time the decision to add music was confirmed, a PCB design was already made and had been sent to manufacture. Consequently, the pre-determined pin configurations (used to interface to the LED matrix) had occupied the other SPI buses such that using another SPI bus instead was not possible. After thorough contemplation and debate, development with a second SJTwo micro-controller began as soon as possible to interface with the decoder using SPI1 instead.
Micro-controller 1
| Label | Function | Pin Connection |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | High R data | Pin 2.2 |
| 2 | High G data | Pin 2.4 |
| 3 | High B data | Pin 2.5 |
| 4 | Low R data | Pin 2.6 |
| 5 | Low G data | PIn 2.7 |
| 6 | Low B data | PIn 2.8 |
| 7 | A line selection | Pin 1.31 |
| 8 | B line selection | Pin 1.30 |
| 9 | C line selection | Pin 1.20 |
| 10 | D line selection | Pin 1.23 |
| 11 | CLOCK | Pin 2.0 |
| 12 | LATCH | Pin 2.1 |
| 13 | Output Enable | Pin 0.17 |
| 14 | GND | Pin GND |
Micro-controller 2
| Label | Function | Pin Connection |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | High R data | Pin 2.2 |
| 2 | High G data | Pin 2.4 |
| 3 | High B data | Pin 2.5 |
| 4 | Low R data | Pin 2.6 |
| 5 | Low G data | PIn 2.7 |
| 6 | Low B data | PIn 2.8 |
| 7 | A line selection | Pin 1.31 |
| 8 | B line selection | Pin 1.30 |
| 9 | C line selection | Pin 1.20 |
| 10 | D line selection | Pin 1.23 |
| 11 | CLOCK | Pin 2.0 |
| 12 | LATCH | Pin 2.1 |
| 13 | Output Enable | Pin 0.17 |
| 14 | GND | Pin GND |
PCB Design
The PCB design began with the primary objective of interfacing the SJTwo microcontroller with the LED Matrix Display with ease. Initially, the second objective was to create a power circuit to power the SJTwo microcontroller and led matrix, however, later decisions have led to re-purposing the circuit post-manufacturing of the PCB. The third objective was to create circuits for external buttons to operate the game.
PCB SJTwo Microcontroller to LED Matrix Pin Connections Interfacing the microcontroller and matrix with ease meant avoiding the use of loose wiring as much as possible. Since the matrix itself came with a ribbon cable, it was decided that we design a PCB around using the ribbon cable to interface it with the microcontroller. It was decided to slot the PCB with the microcontroller with 2x20 through-hole headers (labeled as MICROCONTROLLER_PIN_SLOT in the schematic). The pre-selected pins needed from the microcontroller to interface with the matrix are then connected to 2x8 header pins (labeled as MATRIX_DATA_PINS) which correspond to the pinout of the 32x32 LED Matrix data pins.
PCB Power Circuit The initial design of the PCB power circuit was to power one microcontroller and the led matrix. The power circuit consists of a barrel jack connector(labeled JACK as shown in the schematic) connected to a 5V voltage regulator. The voltage regulator Vin and Vout terminals are connected to 0.1 micro-farad and 10 micro-farad capacitors, respectively, to ensure that 5V is supplied to the hardware connected. As mentioned before, later decisions to add the VS1053 decoder had re-purposed the power circuit to power both SJTwo microcontrollers and the decoder, whereas the matrix had an independent 5V power supply.
PCB External Button Circuit 6 GPIO input circuits were included in the PCB design to include the attachment of external buttons, as shown in the PCB schematic below. On the PCB itself, the button circuits are labeled "sw1" through "sw6," as shown in the PCB manufacture model. The pins configured as inputs for button use are P0.6(sw1), P0.7(sw2), P0.8(sw3), P0.9(sw4), P0.26(sw5), and P0.25(sw6).
Hardware Interface
In this section, you can describe how your hardware communicates, such as which BUSes used. You can discuss your driver implementation here, such that the Software Design section is isolated to talk about high level workings rather than inner working of your project.
Configuration of the 32x32 LED Matrix
The 32x32 LED matrix was purchased from Adafruit. The pinout diagram below shows the pins that are needed to be interfaced with SJTwo Microcontroller. Descriptions of each of the pins are provided in the following sections. The most straight forward of the pins below is ground, where each of the ground pins were connected to a ground plane on the PCB where it was grounded with the SJTwo board.
| Label | Name | Function | Pin Connection |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | R1 | High R data | Pin 2.2 |
| 2 | G1 | High G data | Pin 2.4 |
| 3 | B1 | High B data | Pin 2.5 |
| 4 | R2 | Low R data | Pin 2.6 |
| 5 | G2 | Low G data | PIn 2.7 |
| 6 | B2 | Low B data | PIn 2.8 |
| 7 | A | A line selection | Pin 1.31 |
| 8 | B | B line selection | Pin 1.30 |
| 9 | C | C line selection | Pin 1.20 |
| 10 | D | D line selection | Pin 1.23 |
| 11 | CLK | CLOCK | Pin 2.0 |
| 12 | LAT | LATCH | Pin 2.1 |
| 13 | OE | Output Enable | Pin 0.17 |
| 14 | GND | GND | Pin GND |
The panel is broken up into two 16x32 pixel panels and uses 32 bit shift registers to draw an image to the display. Each row has its own shift register that requires pixel colors to be shifted in, and have the output enable (OE) to be toggled to display one frame. It should be noted that latch is required to have the shift register retain a drawn row. To make it appear to have a moving or still image, the frames must be drawn quickly enough (in our case its 100 Hz) such that the human eye can't detect that the image is being drawn.
Color Inputs (R1,R2,G1,G2,B1,B2)
R1,R2,G1,G2,B1,B2, correspond to the color (Red, Green, Blue) that will be shifted in the shift register that will be displayed onto the LED matrix. On our display, the colors are shifted in from left to right. The number associated with each pin, determines if it is on the top or bottom half of the display. For example, if R1, B1 and G1, are set to high, then the output color will be white. GPIO pins from the SJTwo board were used to configure these pins to control color. To reduce the amount of clock cycles to draw an image, we draw both top and bottom images at the same time. More explanation of this is seen below.
Address Inputs (A B C D)
A, B, C, D, pins correspond to the addressing of each row that the colors R1,R2,G1,G2,B1,B2 will be written to. GPIO pins were used to select which row was being drawn, with D being the most significant bit. The address inputs controls both top and bottom partitions of the display at the same time. So, you can draw both top and bottom at the same time by configuring your colors separately inputs separately.
CLK, OE, LAT
OE is for output enable. Without this pin pulled low (active low), nothing will be displayed on the matrix. To have better visual effects, it should be toggled low on the completion of clocking in one row. If it remains low the entire duration of drawing, you can visually see the pixels move from left to right. CLK is the clock signal for shifting in colors for the shift registers. For more control, we used a GPIO pin instead of PWM to manage the cycles of how we draw one frame/image. The LAT single is used for when a full frame is put into shift register, and is ready to be outputted to the display. For us, this signal was toggled at the same time as output enable.
Matrix Driver
To easily represent our matrix in our software, our driver contained 3 x 32 x (32-bit integers). Each color (red, green, blue) had its own 32 integer array. How this worked was each integer represented one row, and each bit in an integer represented one pixel. So for example, led_board_blue[0], would mean row 0 for the color blue, and you can manually set and clear bits to draw different pixels. An API was written so setting and clearing pixels was easily manipulated. Our API also allowed the setting of all colors in different combinations so it was easier later for us to create the Tetris game board. The display task would call the draw function every 100 Hz to redraw the display using these arrays.
Interfacing with the VS1053 MP3 Decoder
| Label | Name | Function | Pin Connection |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MP3-DREQ | Decoder Data Request | Pin 0.1 |
| 2 | MP3-CS | VS1053 Chip Select | Pin 0.22 |
| 3 | MP3-DCS | VS1053 Data CS | Pin 0.0 |
| 4 | MP3-RST | VS1053 Reset | Pin 0.18 |
| 5 | MOSI | SPI Bus (Master Output Slave Input) | Pin 0.9 |
| 6 | MISO | SPI Bus (Master Input Slave Output) | Pin 0.8 |
| 7 | SCK | SPI Clock | Pin 0.7 |
| 8 | +5V | +5V | PCB Vout |
| 9 | GND | GND | GND |
Interfacing Two SJTwo Boards
Interfacing the two SJTwo microcontrollers was done simply using UART3. Microcontroller 1, (interfaced with the LED Matrix) consists of performing the Tetris game functionality, whereas, Microcontroller 2(interfaced with the MP3 Decoder) plays the music concurrently with the game. The TX3 P4.28 was used by Microcontroller 1 and is connected to RX3 P4.29 of Microcontroller 2. Both grounds of each board must also be connected. The BAUD rate of both controllers was initialized to 115200 bps.
Software Design
Show your software design. For example, if you are designing an MP3 Player, show the tasks that you are using, and what they are doing at a high level. Do not show the details of the code. For example, do not show exact code, but you may show psuedocode and fragments of code. Keep in mind that you are showing DESIGN of your software, not the inner workings of it.
Tetris Game Design
Game Board Layout and Design
Our game features a standard Tetris layout, which is 10 by 24 pixels. In the green square is the saved player piece, and the 3 squares adjacent to the main game board is the next 3 pieces that the player will have to play with. The timer for total player game time is located on the bottom right, and the top displays the player score. As per Tetris rules, any line cleared the player is granted 100 points, and 800 for Tetris.
Static Game Board with Moving Pieces
Since Tetris features a static game board with shifting pieces, we didn't want to have to redraw the game board onto the display every time. We have a function that only draws the static images (the game board square, the save box, and the 3 future pieces). On top of that, we also save a "live" game board that changes on every piece move. This "live" game board includes all the moving pieces (the timer, the actual predicted pieces, and the player game board that the user plays on). To get the final image seen on the display, we OR them together, and that allows us to only change what we need to change without modification of static drawings. From here, we have a separate API that allows us to draw on the live game board, and allows our coordinate plane to match the 10 by 24 and not the 32 by 32 plane. This system allowed a simpler way of manipulating the game board with coordinates that made sense for us to modify, instead of counting pixels of the display.
Tetris Pieces on the Game Board
Each game piece in our Tetris game is contained in a struct that contains 4 (x,y) points for the current position, 4 (x,y) points for the previous position, and an identifier that lets the game know what type of piece it is. The previous position is necessary for us to redraw the last position that the piece was where it did not have a collision. Our object collision algorithm attempts to draw the piece at the current location (current location is changed from player action, or from the piece dropping due to time). If the piece lands on a tile that is occupied (there is another color already present - from hitting an edge of the board or hitting another piece), it will revert to the previous position and either 1. disregard the change (from a rotation or trying to move into the wall), or 2, have the piece stay because it collided with an already placed piece. Since the piece has (x,y) coordinates that match the coordinate plane of our game board, we draw the piece by ORing it with the game board and the rest of the drawing is taken care of. We also ensure to clear the previous position before drawing it again so there isn't a piece shadow.
Tetris Piece Rotation
One of the fundamental game logic in Tetris is enabling the player to rotate a piece currently in play. Each piece (besides the square or "hero" piece) should rotate while retaining its respective shape and should do so without conflicting with the boundaries of the game as well as other pieces. The methodology of developing the rotate function for our Tetris game is to rotate a piece in only one direction, left. Every time the rotation function is called (by button press) the current piece in play will rotate left once. To do so, the function takes in a struct that contains not only the x and y points of the current piece in play but also an integer color identifier. This id determines which piece to rotate. To rotate the x and y points of the current piece in play, a center point was chosen for each Tetris piece and its other points would then change x and y positions with respect to the center point which doesn't change positions at all. All possible rotation positions of a Tetris piece is tracked by four states(max). Each time the rotate function is called, a state counter will increment through each state until the counter reaches 4, at which the counter will revert back to 0 with the use of modulo. To ensure that a piece, after rotating, does not "phase" into the side boundaries, a check was made to disable rotation if the position of the piece in play is next to the game boundaries. To ensure that a piece does not rotate into another piece, another check was implemented to check if the next position is occupied by another piece. If the next position is occupied by any other piece, the current piece will revert back to its original position before calling the rotate function with the use of concurrently tracking the current and previous piece position.
Tetris Piece Saving
The save-piece feature functions as a means for the player to save the piece currently in play. The save function methodology is similar to how we draw the next pieces queued in the "next piece boxes" statically drawn. Once a player saves the current piece in play, its color identifier(stored in a struct) is taken in as a parameter to indicate which piece to draw into the "save box" as a static image. If there is already a piece saved in the save box, then the last piece that was saved is swapped out with the current saved piece. The piece that was swapped out is then pushed out to become the current piece in play(allowing the player to make some game-changing moves!). This feature, however, has a particular caveat to consider. The save-piece function once after being called once, can only be called again once the piece in play(following a save) has been placed. This ensures that the player does not repeatedly keep saving or swapping out the previously saved piece repeatedly, which could potentially never progress the game at all.
Tetris Difficulties and Piece Auto Drop
To create difficulties in our game, our game modes change the rate at which the piece drop is called. On easy difficulty, the piece drop function is called once every second. Medium drops every 500 ms and hard drops every 200 ms. Without the auto drop feature, the player would have an infinite amount of time to position their piece to their desired location. The purpose of the drop function is to decrease the Y coordinates of the piece by one, and also check if decreasing the piece coordinates by one hits another piece, or is unable to move further down from the start position (this is considered a game failure condition since it means there is nowhere for the next piece to be placed due to collision). If the end game scenario is triggered, it will wake up a high priority task that will suspend all other tasks related to the game while it performs an animation to clear the game board.
MP3 Design
MP3 Decoder Initialization
Reading the MP3 File from a Micro-SD
Feeding the Decoder and Playing Music
Playing Tetris and Music
Microcontrollers Working Together
Microcontroller 1 is interfaced with the LED Matrix to play the game of Tetris. It is also interfaced with Microcontroller 2 through UART(using UART3), which plays music. The design approach to play Tetris and music concurrently, was to have microcontroller 1 send a signal through UART to microcontroller 2, which then utilizes a UART read task which polls for a byte(signal) sent from microcontroller 1. A music control task then checks the byte(signal) to determine whether to resume or suspend the MP3 music and SD card read tasks. When a game mode of Tetris is started, in the menu task of microcontroller 1, a byte(signal), "p" is sent over UART to the music control task of microcontroller 2 to resume the MP3 music and SD card read tasks. Conversely, if the game is over, a signal "s" will be sent to the music control task and suspend both the MP3 music and SD card read tasks, and stops playing music.
Implementation
This section includes implementation, but again, not the details, just the high level. For example, you can list the steps it takes to communicate over a sensor, or the steps needed to write a page of memory onto SPI Flash. You can include sub-sections for each of your component implementation.
Testing & Technical Challenges
Describe the challenges of your project. What advise would you give yourself or someone else if your project can be started from scratch again? Make a smooth transition to testing section and described what it took to test your project.
Include sub-sections that list out a problem and solution, such as:
<Bug/issue name>
Discuss the issue and resolution.
Conclusion
Conclude your project here. You can recap your testing and problems. You should address the "so what" part here to indicate what you ultimately learnt from this project. How has this project increased your knowledge?
Project Video
Upload a video of your project and post the link here.
Project Source Code
- Sourceforge Source Code Link //preet wbsite example take out later
- GitLab for Source Code
References
Acknowledgement
Any acknowledgement that you may wish to provide can be included here.
References Used
List any references used in project.
Appendix
You can list the references you used.
