Difference between revisions of "Embedded System Tutorial GPIO"
From Embedded Systems Learning Academy
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* You should know fundamentals of electricity and the famous '''V = IR''' equation. | * You should know fundamentals of electricity and the famous '''V = IR''' equation. | ||
| − | == | + | == GPIO == |
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | GPIO stands for "General Purpose Input Output". Each pin can at least be used as an output or input. In an output configuration, the pin voltage is either 0v or 3.3v. In input mode, we can read whether the voltage is 0v or 3.3v. | ||
| + | |[[File:tutorial_gpio_design.png|center|frame|GPIO Design]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Coding == | ||
=== Hardware Registers === | === Hardware Registers === | ||
The hardware registers map to physical pins. If we want to attach our switch and the LED to our microcontroller's PORT0, then here are the relevant registers and their functionality : | The hardware registers map to physical pins. If we want to attach our switch and the LED to our microcontroller's PORT0, then here are the relevant registers and their functionality : | ||
Revision as of 02:12, 8 December 2013
Contents
Objective
Interface your LPC17xx to a switch and an LED.
Although the interface may seem simple, you do need to consider hardware design and know some of the fundamental of electricity. There are a couple of goals for us :
- No hardware damage if faulty software is written.
- Circuit should prevent excess amount of current to avoid processor damage.
Required Background
- You should know how to bit-mask variables
- You should know how to wire-wrap
- You should know fundamentals of electricity and the famous V = IR equation.
GPIO
|
GPIO stands for "General Purpose Input Output". Each pin can at least be used as an output or input. In an output configuration, the pin voltage is either 0v or 3.3v. In input mode, we can read whether the voltage is 0v or 3.3v. |
 GPIO Design |
Coding
Hardware Registers
The hardware registers map to physical pins. If we want to attach our switch and the LED to our microcontroller's PORT0, then here are the relevant registers and their functionality :
| LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR | Direction of the port pins, 1 = output |
| LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN |
Read : Sensed inputs of the port pins, 1 = HIGH Write : Control voltage level of the pin, 1 = 3.3v |
| LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET | Write only : Any bits written 1 are OR'd with FIOPIN |
| LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR | Write only : Any bits written 1 are AND'd with FIOPIN |
Switch
/* Make direction of PORT0.2 as input */
LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR &= ~(1 << 2);
/* Now, simply read the 32-bit FIOPIN registers, which corresponds to
* 32 physical pins of PORT0. We use AND logic to test if JUST the
* pin number 2 is set
*/
if (LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN & (1 << 2)) {
// Switch is logical HIGH
}
else {
// Switch is logical LOW
} |
Note that the "inline" resistor is used such that if your GPIO is mis-configured as an OUTPUT pin, hardware damage will not occur from badly written software.
 Switch Circuit |
LED
/* Make direction of PORT0.3 as OUTPUT */
LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= (1 << 3);
/* Setting bit 3 to 1 of IOPIN will turn ON LED
* and resetting to 0 will turn OFF LED.
*/
LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN |= (1 << 3);
/* Faster, better way to set bit 3 (no OR logic needed) */
LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = (1 << 3);
/* Likewise, reset to 0 */
LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = (1 << 3); |
Given below are two configurations of an LED. Usually, the "sink" current is higher than "source", hence the active-low configuration is used more often.
 Active-low LED circuit  Active-high LED circuit |
Conclusion
At the end of this lab, you should be familiar with how a microcontroller's memory can access physical pins.
